The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of dysplasia and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the anal canal of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) with a control group and assess whether there is a correlation between use of immunosuppressants and anal manifestation of CD. Patients with CD and control individuals were submitted to anal cytology and material collection for polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The cytology was classified as normal, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), or high-grade (HSIL). PCR was considered positive or negative according to virus presence or absence. A total of 117 patients were included (54 in the control group and 63 in the CD group, being 32 without and 31 with immunosuppressants). ASCUS and LSIL were found in 25.9 and 22.2% of control patients and 28.6 and 39.7% of CD patients. HPV was identified in 14.8% of the control group and 27% of the CD group. In CD patients, HPV was found in 37.5 and 16.1% of those without and with immunosuppressants, respectively. Patients with perianal involvement had 15.6% of PCR positivity. There was no statistical difference in dysplasia and infection by HPV between the groups. Use of immunosuppressants did not influence the result, but anal manifestation was inversely proportional to viral detection.

Abstract Objective: This study investigated the salivary immunoglobulin A response to carbohydrate supplementation during judo training. Method: Sixteen judokas were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: Carbohydrate solution and Placebo solution in a double-blind design. Saliva samples were collected at rest, immediately after the training session and 1 h after the training session. Results: The concentration of the salivary immunoglobulin A decreased during the training session in both conditions (p = 0.0002) as well as at 1 h after the training session in the placebo solution condition (p = 0.035). The rate of salivary flow decreased during the training session in the placebo solution condition (p = 0.04). Conclusion: Carbohydrate solution consumption during training session did not affect the athletes oral immunity, however, in the recovery period an upper-respiratory tract protection was observed.

Resumo Objetivo: O presente estudo investigou a resposta imunoglobulina A Salivar frente a suplementação de carboidrato durante o treino de judô. Método: Dezesseis judocas foram aleatoriamente randomizados, em delineamento duplo-cego nas condições: solução carboidrato e solução placebo. Para mensuração da imunoglobulina A Salivar, a saliva foi coletada no início da sessão de treino, imediatamente após o término e uma hora após o término (1-h Pós-E). Resultados: A concentração de imunoglobulina A Salivar diminuiu logo após o treino, independente da solução (p = 0.0002). No momento uma hora apos o termino frente ao imediatamente apos o termino, houve menor concentração de imunoglobulina A Salivar somente para a condição solução placebo (p = 0.035). A taxa de fluxo salivar diminuiu significativamente somente na condição solução placebo (p = 0.04). Conclusão: A Ingestão de solução carboidrato durante a sessão de treino não impediu a imunodepressão da imunoglobulina A Salivar de judocas imediatamente após o treino, mas exerceu proteção à imunidade do trato respiratório superior 1-h após.

Resumen Objetivo: El presente estudio investigó la respuesta de la inmunoglobulina A salival a la suplementación de hidrato de carbono durante el entrenamiento de judo. Método: Dieceiséis yudocas fueron asignados de forma aleatoria a una de dos condiciones: solución de carbohidratos y solución de placebo en un diseño doble ciego. Las muestras de saliva fueron recogidas en reposo, inmediatamente después de la sesión de entrenamiento y una hora después de la sesión de entrenamiento. Resultados: La concentración de inmunoglobulina A salival disminuyó durante la sesión de entrenamiento en ambas condiciones (p = 0.0002), al igual que una hora después de la sesión de entrenamiento en la condición de solución de placebo (p = 0.035). La tasa de flujo salival decreció durante la sesión de entrenamiento en la condición de solución de placebo (p = 0.04). Conclusión: El consumo de la solución de carbohidratos durante la sesión de entrenamiento no afectó a la inmunidad oral de los atletas; sin embargo, en el período de recuperación se observó una protección del tracto respiratorio superior.